Fault-tolerance techniques for hybrid CMOS/nanoarchitecture

The authors propose two fault-tolerance techniques for hybrid CMOS/nanoarchitecture implementing logic functions as look-up tables. The authors compare the efficiency of the proposed techniques with recently reported methods that use single coding schemes in tolerating high fault rates in nanoscale fabrics. Both proposed techniques are based on error correcting codes to tackle different fault rates. In the first technique, the authors implement a combined two-dimensional coding scheme using Hamming and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes to address fault rates greater than 5. In the second technique, Hamming coding is complemented with bad line exclusion technique to tolerate fault rates higher than the first proposed technique (up to 20). The authors have also estimated the improvement that can be achieved in the circuit reliability in the presence of Don-t Care Conditions. The area, latency and energy costs of the proposed techniques were also estimated in the CMOS domain

Influence of Growth Temperature on Structure and Optical Properties of Tin Oxide Films by Spray Pyrolysis Method

Tin oxide films (SnO2) are prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique at different temperatures. The XRD measurement confirm that the thin films grown by this technique have good crystalline tetragonal rutile structures. The observations by scanning electron microscopy indicate that polycrystalline SnO2 film surfaces were formed by pyramidal grains (200 nm 300 nm), The composition on the films was obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), which is identical to the analysis EDS. Characterization by UV-visible spectrophotometry of thin films showed that the films have an optical transmission above 80 % in the visible and the values of Eg were in the range 3.98-4.02 eV

Détermination du courant d'arc par utilisation de fibres optiques fluorescentes

In this paper, we develop a method of determination of the arc current in a circuit breaker during the interruption. This method is based on the use of an optoelectronic system using a fluorescent optical fibre coupled with a photodetector. The current wave is obtained from the light wave detected by the detection system.Dans cet article, nous développons une méthode permettant de déterminer le courant traversant un disjoncteur lors d'une coupure. Cette méthode utilise un système optoélectronique constitué d'une fibre optique fluorescente couplée à un photodétecteur. L'onde du courant d'arc est obtenue à partir de l'onde lumineuse reçue par le système de détection

Покращення електричних властивостей елементів Гретцеля шляхом заміщення шару барвника переходом CdS/ZnO

Сонячні елементи на основі органічного барвника широко використовуються через простоту їх виготовлення. Проста структура складається з кольорового шару TiO2, електроліту та антиелектроду. У дослідженні шари TiO2, CdS та ZnO наносились на електропровідне скло різними методами для заміни органічного барвника. Для підготовки шару TiO2 використовували метод метал-органічного хімічного осадження з газової фази (MOCVD), хімічне осадження у ванні (CBD) для підготовки шару CdS та спрей-піроліз (SP) для приготування шару ZnO. Морфологічні та структурні дослідження показали однорідну морфологію суперпозиції шарів TiO2/CdS/ZnO. XRD та SEM аналіз показав, що відпал шару CdS повинен проводитися в контрольованій атмосфері, щоб уникнути утворення оксиду кадмію та регулювати розмір частинок. Метою роботи є заміщення органічного барвника в елементі Гретцеля переходом CdS(n)/ZnO(n+). Морфологічні та оптичні властивості TiO2/CdS/ZnO на додаток до фотоелектричних характеристик цього структурного переходу були досліджені з різним часом осадження шару CdS. Встановлено, що природа підкладки не впливає на реалізацію переходу. Помічено, що кожен доданий шар призводить до зменшення коефіцієнту пропускання підкладки. Характеристика фотоелектричних властивостей елементів на основі переходу CdS/ZnO показує більш високий вихід в порівнянні зі звичайними елементами на основі органічного барвника. Також рекомендовано проводити відпал в контрольованій атмосфері, такій як азот, щоб усунути вторинну фазу CdO і зменшити розмір зерен, що може підвищити ефективність сонячних елементів.Solar cells based on organic dye have been widely used for the reason of their simplicity of manufacture. A simple structure is composed of a colored layer of TiO2, an electrolyte and a counter electrode. In this study, the layers of TiO2, CdS and ZnO were deposited on conductive glass by different methods to replace organic dye. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method was used to prepare the TiO2 layer, chemical bath deposition (CBD) to prepare the CdS layer, and spray pyrolysis (SP) for the preparation of the ZnO layer. Morphological and structural studies have shown a homogeneous morphology of the superposition of TiO2/CdS/ZnO layers. XRD and SEM characterizations have shown that annealing of the CdS layer must be done under a controlled atmosphere in order to avoid the formation of cadmium oxide and to control the particle size. The aim of this work is the substitution of organic dye in the Grätzel cell by CdS(n)/ZnO(n+) junction. Morphological and optical properties of TiO2/CdS/ZnO in addition to photovoltaic performance of this structure junction were investigated with different deposition times of the CdS layer. It is found that the nature of the substrate has no influence on the realization of the junction. It is noticed that each layer added leads to a decrease in the transmittance of the substrate. Characterization of the photovoltaic properties of cells based on the CdS/ZnO junction shows a higher yield compared to conventional cells based on organic dye. It is also recommended to undertake annealing under a controlled atmosphere such as nitrogen in order to eliminate the CdO secondary phase and decrease the size of the grains which may enhance the efficiency of the solar cells

Adsorption of CO2 over MgO−Impregnated NaYzeolites and modeling study

International audienc

High-Gain Wideband Circularly Polarised Fabry–Perot Resonator Array Antenna Using a Single-Layered Pixelated PRS for Millimetre-Wave Applications

In this paper, a wideband and high-gain circular polarised Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna (FPRA) with a single partially reflective surface (PRS) layer is automatically generated and optimised using a VBA-based interface system between CST Microwave studio and Matlab. The proposed PRS layer is a promising superstrate for wideband and high-gain FP resonator antennas due to its relatively high reflection coefficient magnitude and positive phase gradient, which resemble that of the optimum PRS over the relevant frequency band. The circular polarisation was achieved using a sequential feeding network for a 2 × 2 array air-gapped slot-coupled elliptical patch antenna. The proposed design achieved an impedance bandwidth of 48.58% (15.3 GHz) ranging from 23.84 GHz to 39.14 GHz, and the −3 dB gain bandwidth was 22.42% (6.25 GHz) from 24.75 to 31 GHz, with a peak gain of 17.12 dB at 29 GHz, and an axial ratio bandwidth of 21.75% (6.2 GHz). In addition, the achieved radiation efficiency was 90%. Consistent and almost invariant radiation patterns are achieved over the millimetre-wave frequency band of interest. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement, justifying the feasibility of the proposed design as a high-gain and wideband FP resonator array antenna for Mm-wave applications

Spectral and fluorescence lifetime endoscopic system using a double-clad photonic crystal fiber

International audienc

Hydrogen adsorption on activated carbons prepared from olive waste: effect of activation conditions on uptakes and adsorption energies

International audienc